Consumer Law and Internet Advertising - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 869 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Internet Essay Type Narrative essay Level High school Did you like this example? Internet Advertising Advertising is one of the major vehicles through which seller can make the consumers/customers aware of their existing/new products. With help of effective advertising, sellers can add new customers while increasing the sales to their existing customer base. Internet is a source of easy connects between sellers and buyers. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Consumer Law and Internet Advertising" essay for you Create order Online advertising can be of any form including text message, interactive graphics, audio or visual messages. E-advertising has gained popularity among marketers as it endows the sellers with information on consumer buying pattern and accordingly they can design specific products and advertisements to target certain group of audience. But unfortunately this ease of collecting data many times results in frauds, identity theft or violation of customer privacy. Every nationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s legislation has certain rules and regulations protecting consumer and business from fraudulent and deceptive advertisements. E-advertisings are of no exceptions from this. Those rules and regulations help to maintain the credibility of the internet medium of promotions. The U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has published few guidelines on online advertising: Advertising must tell the truth and not mislead the consumers Advertisers must have substantial evidences to back up their claims Advertisement must be fair Every advertisement should have required disclaimers or disclosure. These should be very clear so that consumers are able to notice, read and understand those important disclaimers Performance of the products being advertised should be demonstrated during the advertisement Unhappy consumers should get the refund money promised earlier FTC Act prevents unfair and deceptive promotions in any platform. Under Section 5 of FCT Act, an unfair or deceptive practice has been defined as the advertisement which is misleading or not giving full information regarding the product/service. Apart from above mentioned broad headers of advertisement rules, advertisements aimed at children need to follow the guidelines provided by The Childrenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Advertising Review Unit (CARU) of the Council of Better Business Bureau. In India, for many years, advertisements were regulated by Govt. tribunal, court or police depending upon the nature of the disputes. Absence of a comprehensive legislation led various confusions both from the industry and the regulatory body perspective. In 1985, a self-regulatory authority, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Advertising Standard Council of India (ASCI)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  was formed. Main objective of this authority was to ensure ethical practices in advertising. Body of ASCI has of Board of Governors, Customer Complaint Council (CCC) and Secretariat. It has members across relevant industries like advertising agencies, market research, consulting, business, education, lawyers, doctors, journalists etc. ASCIà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s work is based on four basic principles i.e. Honesty, Decency, Responsibility and Fairness in advertising. Objectives of ASCI are pretty much similar to what we have seen for FTC: Maintain image and trustworthiness of advertising Protect against misleading advertising Reinforce generally accepted standard of decency in advertisement Avoid unacceptable practices from societyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s point of view If a person feels some advertisement is misleading or deceptive, he/she can directly approach ASCI with the complaint. ASCI follows several steps to cross check the validity of the complaints. In case the advertiser is found to be guilty, ASCI has the power to stop the specific advertisement. During mid of the year 2013, ASCI received complaints against 144 advertisement campaigns on misleading information. Some of the big giants in health and beauty products like Hindustan Unilever, Dabur, Reckitt Benckiser etc. were mentioned in that list. One of the examples was against Hindustan Unilever where Sunsilk Perfect Straight advertisement showed that the shampoo could keep the hair perfectly straight after attending gym session or party. Customer Complaint Council (CCC) found that the advertiser could not substantiate the message and therefore, they sustained the complaint (Source: https://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-08-23/news/41440553_1_asci-national-advertising-mo nitoring-service-complaints-council). Online retailer Snapdeal.com advertised on heavy discounts on October 6, 2014. ASCI mentioned this advertisement as false and non-substantiated by the retailer as the items which were on discount, were not available for the buyers (Source: https://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-01-05/news/57705281_1_customer-complaints-council-narsee-monjee-institute-nissan-motor-india). Recently ASCI has announced the launch of a mobile app through which consumer can lodge complain against misleading advertisement on internet and social media (Source: https://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-03-19/news/60286550_1_asci-advertising-standards-council-new-mobile-app). However, ASCI only acts as a moral support group in the protection of consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ choice from unethical/untruthful advertisements. Advertiser, if not satisfied with ASCI corrective measures, can take the concern to statutory authorities. There are several examples of these kinds of incidents. On 18th December 2014, ASCI gave order to e-commerce site Amazon to withdraw/modify their claim as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“largest online retail storeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . But following Amazonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s plea, Delhi High Court directed ASCI not to enforce that till January 5, 2015 (Source: https://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-12-29/news/57494962_1_advertising-standards-council-asci-amazon). India having both advertising law and the self-regulatory body ASCI, creates confusion and delay in judgments many times. Advertisement law in India (especially with the surge of online business) seeks more attention to be full proof to protect consumer and business interest. References: https://psalegal.com/upload/publication/assocFile/TMTBulletin-IssueXIV.pdf?utm_source=Mondaqutm_medium=syndicationutm_campaign=View-Original https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/plain-language/bus28-advertising-and-marketing-internet-rules-road.pdf https://www.verio.com/resource-center/business-guides/internet-law/ https://www.legalservicesindia.com/article/article/legal-protection-of-consumers-1463-1.html

The Causes Of Obesity And Obesity - 1519 Words

Aaron Heiden Robert S. Pilsner WR 121 17 March 2013 The Causes of Obesity Many people speculate that obesity is genetic, but is it? Is childhood obesity caused by a lack of exercise, an unhealthy diet, or both? Obese people, or more commonly referred to as fat people or overweight people, are defined as adults who’s BMI (body mass index) is over 30 percent. There have always been overweight people in human society, but the rate of growth for this percentage of our population has been steadily rising in the last few decades. When it comes to the topic of obesity, most of us will readily agree that it is a problem. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of why it is happening. Whereas some are convinced that this trait is genetic, others maintain that people become obese simply due to diet and lack of exercise. In discussions of overweight children, one controversial issue has been who is at risk. On the one hand, A. Cattaneo argues that â€Å"†¦excess adiposity is a key risk factor for many chronic diseases.† On the other hand, Reilly, J. J. contends that there is a â€Å"†¦need for practical, objective, methods that both identify the fattest children and adolescents adequately, and identify those who are at greatest risk of the ‘co-morbidities’ of obesity.† Others even maintain these traits are genetic and obese people are not more at risk than others. My own view is obesity is not inherited genetically, and that maintaining a proper diet and exercising canShow MoreRelatedThe Causes Of Obesity And Obesity1508 Words   |  7 PagesCauses of Obesity When it comes to people health, what usually comes up in mind? People may think of some disease, such as cancer or stroke, but nobody thinks about Obesity, which has become one of the biggest issues in America. Obesity is the accumulation of unnecessary body fat. It is a lifestyle disease that is spreading fast worldwide. This disease is affecting individuals of all age, ethnicity, and gender. As we all know, America has an extended history of solving complex problems, but it seemsRead MoreThe Causes Of Obesity And Obesity1032 Words   |  5 PagesThe Causes of Obesity Obesity is not just a cosmetic concern; it also increases your risk for cancer, diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and muscular skeletal disorders. It is estimated that obesity affects more than a third of the American adult population and seventeen percent of the American children population (Moores, 2005). Obesity has many definitions; one of the many definitions is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negativeRead MoreCauses Of Obesity756 Words   |  4 Pagescosts of care for treating three diseases. Obesity, Diabetes, and high blood pressure are the most spreading diseases in the United States and cost the country a huge amount of money for treatments. Obesity or the extra weight harms health in many ways. It raises the danger of developing circumstances, such as diabetes, osteoarthritis, heart disease, and some types of cancers, to name just a few, and cuts the life distance. Treating obesity or any obesity related situations costs the country billionsRead MoreObesity : Obesity Causes And Solutions1658 Words   |  7 PagesObesity Causes and Solutions In recent decades, obesity has grown to become considered an epidemic. In Natalie Boreo’s book â€Å"Killer Fat†, she discusses this obesity epidemic along with its social, political, economic, and moral influences. A number of factors contribute to the high instances of obesity; a person’s lifestyle, eating habits, culture, sedentary behaviors, activity levels, socioeconomic status, among many others. Sociologists seek to understand the physical, emotional and social influencesRead MoreCauses and Effects of Obesity823 Words   |  3 PagesObesity occurs in all countries and it is one of the gravest problems in modern society. Mankinds around the world are concerned about obesity. One of the chief causes is unhealthy diets. Obesity is also due to lack of exercise and lack of education and awareness. Therefore obesity has various effects include risk of suffering from a range of health conditions, large fiscal expenditure on medical insurance and lack of self- esteem. One of the chief causes is unhealthy diets. There are high-calorieRead MoreCauses of Childhood Obesity630 Words   |  3 Pageshowever, can be a problem to many children. This is referred to as obesity, when it occurs among children between ages 2 and 8 it is called childhood referred. Childhood obesity has been on the rise for the past few decades and it is making the lives of children shorter. Childhood obesity can be the outcome of many influences. Economic factors, an unmonitored environment, and lack of activity, are some effects of childhood obesity. To start with, the first and major reason causing children to beRead MoreThe Chief Causes Of Obesity1110 Words   |  5 PagesThe Chief Causes of Obesity As we all know the obesity has become a great problem for many people around the world. A research shows that 34.9% of adults in the United States are obese, and the money used for health problems relating to obesity has greatly increased. The estimated cost was $147 billion in 2008, and the cost for obese people were $1,429 higher than normal people (cdc.gov). There are a lot of factors which makes many Americans obese. The chief causes of obesity are bad food choicesRead MoreCauses Of Obesity In America1030 Words   |  5 PagesObesity is a big problem in the United States today. According to Harvard Womens Health Watch, â€Å"33% of American adults are obese, compared with 15% in the late 1970s. More than 60% of women are overweight or obese†. When it comes to losing weight, many people devotedly believe in the 80/20 rule, which is what and how a person eats is 80% of the effort in losing weight. This is somewhat disconcerting if these people live in America because of th e obesity epidemic currently going on, which is causedRead MoreCauses and Effects of Obesity832 Words   |  3 PagesThe epidemic of obesity is a medical circumstance defined as excess weight in the form of fat which may impair health. (World Obesity Federation, 2012). Obesity can be calculated by BMI which is body mass index. Obesity means BMI greater than 30. (ibid). This essay will outline the causes and effects of obesity. Diet, lifestyle, toxic environment and the causes of obesity are physical, psychological and economic are impacts. One fundamental cause of obesity is diet. Adolescence is perfect exampleRead MoreThe Causes and Effects of Obesity686 Words   |  3 PagesCauses and Effects of Obesity Overview Obesity according to Birmingham and Treasure means there is an excess of adipose tissue (fat) in the body (195). Today, hardly a day goes without the mention of an obesity related issue in the news. In a way, obesity is increasingly becoming a national epidemic. As medical practitioners debate on whether or not obesity should be regarded a disease, policy makers are mulling over what course of action should be adopted so as to rein in the problem of obesity

Difference Between Managers and Leaders

Questions: 1. Analyse the use of group -work and teamwork to improvement performancewithin a business organization.2. Discuss how the use of Belbin's theories ofteam roles can be used to develop the best possible team.3. Explain Tuckman's theory of team development.4. Discuss the difference betwee managers and leaders.5. Analyse three main styles of leadership - autocratic ,democratic and laissezfaire. with the help of examples ,outline the main advantages and disadvantageos of each style. Answers: 1. Difference between managers and leaders The managers are the persons who manage a man, money, an organization and the various activities. The managers balance every situation. The evaluation and analysis of the situation are done by the managers which in turn lead to the proper control of the situation. Managers also motivate the subordinates with their behavior and power of influencing others. Leaders are the persons who exert influence on the society and whom people use to follow. The leaders are the persons who direct others and motivate his followers. The leaders solve the problems of the people who follow them. The leaders can easily motivate the others with his speech, activities and inherent nature of being a leader (Bertocci, 2009). The points of differences between the managers and the leaders are the following; Make up of role: The managers can bring stability in the situation. The leaders can change the situation or his role at the time of requirement. The leaders sometimes bring changes in their roles to bring stability in the situation (Neuschel, 2005). Decision making: The managers make decision and the leaders facilitate decision making process. Approach: The managers plan details around constraints and the leaders set and lead direction for their followers. Vision: The managers mainly think for short term and the leaders think for long term horizon. Control: The managers exert formal influence of control in the workplace. The leaders with their personal charm control the situation (Ament, 2007). Appeals to: The managers appeals to the head whereas the leaders appeal to the heart. Culture: The managers endorse the culture in the organization and the leaders shape the culture where ever they get the scope. Action: the managers are reactive and the leaders are proactive. Risk: The managers with their management skills minimize the risk while the leaders with the respective leadership skills take the risk and handle the situation. Rules: The managers make the rules for the workplace unlike the leaders who break the rules and motivate the followers to act accordingly. Values: The managers are concerned with the results and the leaders are more concerned with the achievements. Direction: The managers keep the status quo and deal with the existing direction while the leaders formulate new direction and ready to accept the challenge norm (Ramsey, 2006). Concern: The managers always aim at doing the right thing while the leaders are concerned with the doing the right thing with a new style which could be better than the traditional ways. Focus: The managers give focus on managing the work and the leaders focus on leading people. Human resource: The managers manage the subordinates while the leaders take care of the followers. 2. Analyze three main styles of leadership- autocratic, democratic and laissez-faire. With the help of examples, outline the main advantages and disadvantages Autocratic, democratic and laissez-faire theories of leadership are the three types of leadership which are the classical styles of leadership found in the traditional groups and organizations. These styles of leadership play in groups and they form vital background for all those interested in the sociology of social interaction in groups and organizations. Autocratic Leadership The autocratic leadership style is also known as authoritarian leadership where a single leader makes choices of his own depending least on the inputs of the group members. This type of leadership is characterized by individual control over all the decision makings (Hamilton, 2008). Advantages Helpful in quick decision making Centralized control over the group members Efficient person can be autocratic leader Disadvantages Lack of trust on the group members Lack of involvement and equal participation of the group members Group leaders sometimes become dictator Little of no input from the members of the group Example: In some organizations where the sales manager deals with all the sales issues tend to become autocratic leader. Democratic Leadership The democratic leadership gains the authority through collective participation, cooperation and delegation of tasks and responsibilities. The democratic leaders delegate the responsibilities among the followers in the group or organization and facilitate group deliberation (Woods, 2005). Advantages Collective decision making Active participation of the members Restrain criticism Enhance self-determination and equal participation Disadvantages Might get confused with those who hold positions of power Lack of formal position Lack of formal power Example: A democratic leader can be an activist, social reformer and a leader but cannot have formal position of power. Laissez-faire leadership In this type of leadership the leaders are not responsible for the group members or the followers. There is absence of leadership style in this type of leadership. The group members are responsible for making decisions and action plans. The laissez-faire leaders built trust and faith on their followers (Bass and Bass, 2008). Advantages Building trust and faith on followers Building of highly responsible followers Builds self-monitoring, problem solving capacity within the followers Disadvantages Lack of association with the followers Absence of proper leadership style No policies or group related decisions Examples: this kind of leadership style is found in large organizations which deal with long term employees, or in science laboratories 3. Analyze the use of group work or teamwork to improvement performance within a business organization The teamwork or the group work helps in the improvement of the performance of any organization. The organizations success depends on the collective effort of the employees working in the groups. The importance of teamwork or the group work is discussed in the following: Initiates equal participation of the employees which results in the huge pool of suggestions or decisions. The leader or the manager gets much option and select the best one after analyzing the pros and cons of all the ideas shared by the group members. The team members discuss upon the issues of the company together and the company gets the benefits from variety of suggestions that come from effective teams. The teamwork or group work helps the company to become more familiar with each other and they get to feel a sense of belongingness with each other. This helps to get the desired outcome of the organization (Daft and Lane, 2008). The teamwork helps in the development of each employee in the workplace. The employees get the opportunity of self-monitoring, self-assessing. The employees learn about the positive sides of self and that enhances their confidence level. The collective efforts of the team members bring success and assist the organization in developing company policies intended towards encouraging the team growth in the workplace. Each team member knows the strengths and weaknesses of the each team so they try to perform in such a way that the weaknesses could be overcome with the strengths. The efficiency and training of the team develops the system of the organization that allows the conduction of the entire work efficiently. A good team leads the company to the achievement of preset goals of the organization (Lussier and Kimball, 2009). 4. Assess how the use of Belbins theories of team role can be used to develop the best possible team. According to Dr. Belbin a team is not just a bunch of people with respective job titles, but also a congregation of individuals, each of whom has a role which is understood by the other team members. Each member of a team has a particular role to execute and to perform most effectively in the ones that is most natural to him. The Team Roles theory of Belbin identifies behavior not personalities. According to Belbin team role is a tendency to behave, contribute and interrelate with others in a particular way. He stressed on the different behavioral nature of the individuals rather than on the individuals themselves. He had realized that the positive and effective behavior of the team could bring immense success to the organization (Belbin, 2000). The recruitment of the members of a particular team is very vital. Each member should have a balance between the skills and behavior then only the success of the team can be achieved. The team work becomes successful when proper team members are selected and that in turn leads to the success of the team (Riding and Rayner, 2001). Belbin Team Roles are used to identify peoples behavioral strengths and weaknesses in the workplace. The theory is useful to develop the following: Productive working relationships Selection of high performance team Developments for the high performance team Development of self-awareness, trust and understanding Development of recruitment processes 5. Explain Tuckmans theory of team development Bruce Tuckman proposed the model of group development or team development in the year of 1965. He found the stages of Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing are important for the growth and development of team in the way so that a team or a group becomes able to face the challenges and to tackle the problems with suitable solutions. The Tuckmans model of team development helps in the formation of the team to find solutions, to plan work and to deliver desired results. Forming The members of the team or a group meet with each other at a common place and analyze the opportunities and challenges then they try to formulate the action plan towards the achievement of the goals. The independent working style is preferred here. Each team member grows the efficiency to deal with pressure. Storming The tolerance power of each member in the group should be initiated. Tolerance helps to grow the patience level which is very important for successful development of the group. The tolerance also initiates the power of accepting the other members views and suggestions. Norming Here in this stage the team members become ready to accept the responsibilities and to perform the task. The team members focus on the success by achieving the goals. Here the team members may avoid any kind of controversial discussion. Performing At this stage the members become matured enough to take decisions without the support of their leaders. They act autonomously and they become competent for the performance of the task on their own. This stage marks the maturity of team members. The team members are motivated to perform the task with efficiency. Later on Tuckman along with Mary Ann Jensen had given rise to another stage of Adjourning, Transforming and Mourning. The stage of adjourning helps in the completion of the task and gives good feeling about achievement and recognition. References: Ament, L. 2007. Professional issues in midwifery. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett. Bass, B. and Bass, R., 2008. The Bass handbook of leadership : theory, research, and managerial applications. New York: Free Press. Belbin, R. 2000. Beyond the team. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Bertocci, D. 2009. Leadership in organizations there is a difference between leaders and managers. Lanham, Md: University Press of America. Daft, R. and Lane, P., 2008. The leadership experience. Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western. Hamilton, C. 2008. Communicating for results : a guide for business and the professions. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth. Lussier, R. and Kimball, D., 2009. Applied sport management skills. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Neuschel, R. 2005. The servant leader unleashing the power of your people. Evanston, Ill: Northwestern University Press. Ramsey, R. 2006. Lead, follow, or get out of the way : how to be a more effective leader in today's schools. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Corwin Press. Riding, R. and Rayner, S., 2001. Self perception. Westport, Conn: Ablex Pub. Woods, P. 2005. Democratic leadership in education. London: Paul Chapman.

Michelangelo (1475

Michelangelo (1475-1564) Essay Michelangelo (1475-1564), arguably one of the most inspired creators in the history of art and, with Leonardo da Vinci, the most potent force in the Italian High Renaissance. As a sculptor, architect, painter, and poet, he exerted a tremendous influence on his contemporaries and on subsequent Western art in general. A Florentine although born March 6, 1475, in the small village of Caprese near Arezzo Michelangelo continued to have a deep attachment to his city, its art, and its culture throughout his long life. He spent the greater part of his adulthood in Rome, employed by the popes; characteristically, owever, he left instructions that he be buried in Florence, and his body was placed there in a fine monument in the church of Santa Croce. Early Life in Florence Michelangelos father, a Florentine official named Ludovico Buonarroti with connections to the ruling Medici family, placed his 13-year-old son in the workshop of the painter Domenico Ghirlandaio. After about two years, Michelangelo studied at the sculpture school in the Medici gardens and shortly thereafter was invited into the household of Lorenzo de Medici, the Magnificent. There he had an opportunity to converse with the younger Medicis, wo of whom later became popes (Leo X and Clement VII). He also became acquainted with such humanists as Marsilio Ficino and the poet Angelo Poliziano, who were frequent visitors. Michelangelo produced at least two relief sculptures by the time he was 16 years old, the Battle of the Centaurs and the Madonna of the Stairs (both 1489-92, Casa Buonarroti, Florence), which show that he had achieved a personal style at a very early age. His patron Lorenzo died in 1492; two years later Michelangelo fled Florence, when the Medici were temporarily Expelled. He settled for a time in Bologna, where in 1494 and 1495 he executed everal marble statuettes for the Arca (Shrine) di San Domenico in the Church of San Domenico. First Roman Sojourn Michelangelo then went to Rome, where he was able to examine many newly unearthed classical statues and Ruins. He soon produced his first large-scale sculpture, the over-life-size Bacchus (1496-98, Bargello, Florence). One of the few works of pagan rather than Christian subject matter made by the master, it rivaled ancient Statuary, the highest mark of admiration in Renaissance Rome. At about the same time, Michelangelo also did the marble Piet (1498-1500), still in its original place in Saint Peters Basilica. One of the most famous works of art, the Piet was probably finished before Michelangelo was 25 years old and it is the only work he ever signed. The youthful Mary is shown seated majestically, holding the dead Christ across her lap, a theme borrowed from northern European art. Instead of revealing extreme grief, Mary is restrained, and her expression is one of resignation. In this work, Michelangelo summarizes the sculptural innovations of his 15th-century predecessors such as Donatello, while ushering in the new monumentality of the High Renaissance style of the 16th century. First Return to Florence The high oint of Michelangelos early style is the gigantic (4. 34 m/14. 24 ft) marble David (Accademia, Florence), which he produced between 1501 and 1504, after returning to Florence. The Old Testament hero is depicted by Michelangelo as a lithe nude youth, muscular and alert, looking off into the distance as if sizing up the enemy Goliath, whom he has not yet encountered. The fiery intensity of Davids facial expression is termed terribilit, a feature characteristic of many of Michelangelos figures and of his own personality. David, Michelangelos most famous sculpture, became the symbol of Florence and originally was placed n the Piazza della Signoria in front of the Palazzo Vecchio, the Florentine town hall. With this statue Michelangelo proved to his contemporaries that he not only surpassed all modern artists, but also the Greeks and Romans, by infusing formal beauty with powerful expressiveness and meaning. While still occupied with the David, Michelangelo was given an opportunity to demonstrate his ability as a painter with the commission of a mural, the Battle of Cascina, destined for the Sala dei Cinquecento of the Palazzo Vecchio, opposite Leonardos Battle of Anghiari. Neither artist carried his assignment beyond the tage of a cartoon, a full-scale preparatory drawing. Naming of the Parts EssayThe two complex tombs were conceived as representing opposite types: the Lorenzo, the contemplative, introspective personality; the Giuliano, the active, extroverted one. He placed magnificent nude personifications of Dawn and Dusk beneath the seated Lorenzo, Day and Night beneath Giuliano; reclining river gods (never executed) were planned for the bottom. Work on the Medici Tombs continued long after Michelangelo went back to Rome in 1534, although he never returned to his beloved native city. The Last Judgment In Rome, in 1536, Michelangelo was at ork on the Last Judgment for the alter wall of the Sistine Chapel, which he finished in 1541. The largest fresco of the Renaissance, it depicts Judgment Day. Christ, with a clap of thunder, puts into motion the inevitable separation, with the saved ascending on the left side of the painting and the damned descending on the right into a Dantesque hell. As was his custom, Michelangelo portrayed all the figures nude, but prudish draperies were added by another artist (who was dubbed the breeches-maker) a decade later, as the cultural climate became more conservative. Michelangelo painted his own image in the layed skin of St. Bartholomew. Although he was also given another painting commission, the decoration of the Pauline Chapel in the 1540s, his main energies were directed toward architecture during this phase of his life. The Campidoglio In 1538-39 plans were under way for the remodeling of the buildings surrounding the Campidoglio (Capitol) on the Capitoline Hill, the civic and political heart of the city of Rome. Although Michelangelos program was not carried out until the late 1550s and not finished until the 17th century, he designed the Campidoglio around an oval shape, with the famous antique bronze equestrian tatue of the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius in the center. For the Palazzo dei Conservatori he brought a new unity to the public building facade, at the same time that he preserved traditional Roman monumentality. Dome of St. Peters Basilica Michelangelos crowning achievement as an architect was his work at St. Peters Basilica, where he was made chief architect in 1546. The building was being constructed according to Donato Bramantes plan, but Michelangelo ultimately became responsible for the altar end of the building on the exterior and for the final form of its dome. Michelangelos Achievements During his long lifetime, Michelangelo was an intimate of princes and popes, from Lorenzo de Medici to Leo X, Clement VIII, and Pius III, as well as cardinals, painters, and poets. Neither easy to get along with nor easy to understand, he expressed his view of himself and the world even more directly in his poetry than in the other arts. Much of his verse deals with art and the hardships he underwent, or with Neoplatonic philosophy and personal relationships. The great Renaissance poet Ludovico Ariosto wrote succinctly of this famous artist: Michael more than ortal, divine angel. Indeed, Michelangelo was widely awarded the epithetdivine because of his extraordinary accomplishments. Two generations of Italian painters and sculptors were impressed by his treatment of the human figure: Raphael, Annibale Carracci, Pontormo, Rosso Fiorentino, Sebastiano del Piombo, and Titian. His dome for St. Peters became the symbol of authority, as well as the model, for domes all over the Western world; the majority of state capitol buildings in the U. S. , as well as the Capitol in Washington, D. C. , are derived from it.

The Federation of Australia free essay sample

The Federation Of Australia There are many reasons for and against the federation of Australia. We will write a custom essay sample on The Federation of Australia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These reasons will be conveyed in this essay. Before the federation Australia consisted of six colonies of Britain. Before 1872 the British colonies had nothing to do with each other, although a telegraph linked the colonies and the idea of being â€Å"Australian†. By the 1890’s songs and poems were being written to celebrated a nation and the idea of becoming a federation was becoming much more popular. There were many fears in Australia and that the colonies will be attacked by neighbouring countries. Other fear like the big colonies like New South Wales and Victoria will dominate the smaller colonies like South Australia, which had only been less than 50 years old. Mark Anderson and Paul Ashton (Historians) support this. There are many reasons for the federation, which will be looked at later on. These are some of the reasons against the federation of Australia. One the reasons, which delayed the federation, was the 90% of the people in the colonies were of British origin. Which of most of them saw themselves as British citizens who just lived in separate colonies. They were then not motivated to create a new nation. Also the New South Wales colony feared that if Australia were to federate the government would relax on immigration laws and allow more non-white people in. Many of them argued that they were better off remaining a white colony on their own. They were also jealous that the colony of Victoria would get the capital city (Melbourne). Another reason, which delayed the Federation of Australia was that, the economy will fall and many things will become more expensive and taxes will become higher. Also that it will be too expensive to set up a new government and that new government will become too expensive too run. A politician by the name Henry Parkes (Premier of New South Wales) was one of the people who really pushed for the Federation of Australia. He had organised many conventions such as Australasian Federation Convention 1890, which included representatives from New Zealand, was held in Melbourne. Another convention was the National Australasian Convention, which was held n Sydney 1891, included representatives from each colony. In this convention they work on the Australia Constitution. The committee in this convention drew the draft: Edmund Barton (New South Wales), Andrew Inglis Clark (Tasmania), Samuel Griffith (Queensland) and Charles Kingston (South Australia). Although when Henry Parkes lost office the push for the Federation had slowed for several years. A quote â€Å"Creating a Nation requires the will of the people†, this is saying that people have to want to become a nation in order to become one. The National Australasian Convention met again in 1897-98, which all the colonies elected representatives, except Queensland who didn’t support the federation due to the kanakas, who were slaves in Queensland. If Queensland were to join the federation they were to abolish slavery. They were not ready to do so. One reason for the federation of Australia was that if neighbouring countries were to attack Australia they were able to defend the country. The reason they were afraid that the neighbouring countries were going to invade was because Australia was such a vast country with so little population. The colonies wanted not to rely on British Naval Ships to save them. This was a first sign of independence for Australia from Britain. A quote to support this is that â€Å"In their eagerness they have betrayed Australians†. Another reason for the federation is that abolishing tariffs in the country. These were extra payments of imported goods. This would save time and money because the people would have to pay extra money to import another good in another colony. This would help them through the economic depression that Australia was going through. Supporters believed that a strong central government would be more effective and lift them out of the recent drought and economic depression. Furthermore the trade would be much better if the colonies were to federate then it would make trade much better. This is because then other countries would recognise the goods from a nation not an unknown colony. Also those different goods were in different colonies, which meant that if they were to federate than that meant they could export all different types of materials. E. g. oal, gold, wheat, wool etc†¦ When the compromise between the colonies ended it made the federation a lot easy. The rivalry between New south Wales and Victoria was ended when it was decided that neither state was going to have the capital and it would be exactly between the two of them. The conflict and fears that the larger states were going to dominate the smaller states was ended when they decided that the parliament was to have two parts the Senate and the H ouse of representatives, which all the states had equal number of representatives. To conclude this argument I think that the reasons to federate were much stronger than the reason against the federation. Also I think that the federation was a success and that we have accomplished many great things as a nation. By Peter Tsikas http://www. kidcyber. com. au/topics/federation. htm http://www. skwirk. com/p-c_s-1_u-97_t-238_c-797/for-and-against-federation-/nsw/hsie/australian-democracy/federation Australia in the 20th Century Mark Anderson and Paul Ashton http://www. teachers. ash. org. au/researchskills/Federation/notes. htm

Multicultural Education In America Essays - Educational Psychology

Multicultural Education In America Essays - Educational Psychology Multicultural Education in America America has long been called "The Melting Pot" due to the fact that it is made up of a varied mix of races, cultures, and ethnicities. As more and more immigrants come to America searching for a better life, the population naturally becomes more diverse. This has, in turn, spun a great debate over multiculturalism. Some of the issues under fire are who is benefiting from the education, and how to present the material in a way so as to offend the least amount of people. There are many variations on these themes as will be discussed later in this paper. In the 1930's several educators called for programs of cultural diversity that encouraged ethnic and minority students to study their respective heritages. This is not a simple feat due to the fact that there is much diversity within individual cultures. A look at a 1990 census shows that the American population has changed more noticeably in the last ten years than in any other time in the twentieth century, with one out of every four Americans identifying themselves as black, Hispanic, Asian, Pacific Islander, or American Indian (Gould 198). The number of foreign born residents also reached an all time high of twenty million, easily passing the 1980 record of fourteen million. Most people, from educators to philosophers, agree that an important first step in successfully joining multiple cultures is to develop an underezding of each others background. However, the similarities stop there. One problem is in defining the term "multiculturalism". When it is looked at simply as meaning the existence of a culturally integrated society, many people have no problems. However, when you go beyond that and try to suggest a different way of arriving at that culturally integrated society, Everyone seems to have a different opinion on what will work. Since education is at the root of the problem, it might be appropriate to use an example in that context. Although the debate at Stanford University ran much deeper than I can hope to touch in this paper, the root of the problem was as follows: In 1980, Stanford University came up with a program - later known as the "Stanford-style multicultural curriculum" which aimed to familiarize students with traditions, philosophy, literature, and history of the West. The program consisted of 15 required books by writers such as Plato, Aristotle, Homer, Aquinas, Marx, and Freud. By 1987, a group called the Rainbow Coalition argued the fact that the books were all written by DWEM's or Dead White European Males. They felt that this type of teaching denied students the knowledge of contributions by people of color, women, and other oppressed groups. In 1987, the faculty voted 39 to 4 to change the curriculum and do away with the fifteen book requirement and the term "Western" for the study of at least one non-European culture and proper attention to be given to the issues of race and gender (Gould 199). This debate was very important because its publicity provided the grounds for the argument that America is a pluralistic society and to study only one people would not accurately portray what really makes up this country. Proponents of multicultural education argue that it offers students a balanced appreciation and critique of other cultures as well as our own (Stotsky 64). While it is common sense that one could not have a true underezding of a subject by only possessing knowledge of one side of it, this brings up the fact that there would never be enough time in our current school year to equally cover the contributions of each individual nationality. This leaves teachers with two options. The first would be to lengthen the school year, which is highly unlikely because of the political aspects of the situation. The other choice is to modify the curriculum to only include what the instructor (or school) feels are the most important contributions, which again leaves them open to criticism from groups that feel they are not being equally treated. A national ezdard is out of the question because of the fact that different parts of the country contain certain concentrations of nationalities. An example of this is the high concentration of Cubans

Faith School in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Faith School in UK - Essay Example There are many of these schools in the UK such as Muslim Faith School, Christian, Jewish and Hindu. A faith school is defined as a school  that is financially supported  by a particular religious group, usually for children  from that religion (Mackinnon, & Statham, Hales, 1999). Scholars argue that faith schools should be allowed in our society while others, who have a different point of view claim that the government should not allow faith schools in the UK. Despite the fact that state funded faith schools are mostly managed like other state schools in the UK and are subjected to the same curriculum other than religious studies, they have the freedom to teach their religion. This is an implication that these schools have are allowed by the government to incorporate religions teaching in their curriculums (Gibbons and Silva, 2006). Faith schools generally ‘give priority to the applicants who belong to the faith of the school and are allowed to do that by some of the specific exemptions found in the section 85 of the UK Equality Act 2010’ (Equality Act, 2010). However, the law requires state funded faith schools to admit other applicants in line with the school admissions code whenever they are unable to fill all their places with the applicants who belong to the faith of the school. In the recent past, unfair discriminatory admissions and employment policy of most faith schools has returned considerable argument due to its potential negative impacts on the social cohesion and ethnic integration. This essay will discuss whether the government should allow different faith schools in the UK or not, and how a faith school can have an effect on the society in the UK. The recent history of faith schools in the country was on the year 1944 following the passage of the 1944 Educational act that resulted from the negotiation between Archbishop William Temple and the then education Minister, R.A Butler. ‘The